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(No Model.) 3 sheets sheet 1.

w. BIDDLBXz P. KENNEDY. ELECTRIC GAR LIGHTING SYSTEM.

No. 517,998. Paientea Apr. 10, 1894.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. BIDDLE & PfKENNBDY. ELEGTRIO GAR LIGHTING SYSTEM.

No. 617,998. Patented Apr. 10, 1894.

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NQ. 517,998. Patented Apr. 10, 1894.

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V/ 4 .mm W. m m m "m k W W m \7/ v M. m. m w m M Q *N v q fly wqmw NrranSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM BIDDLE AND PATRICK KENNEDY, OF BROOKLYN, ASSIGNORS TO THEAMERICAN RAILWAY ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRIC CAR-LIGHTING SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 517,998, dated April10, 1894. Application filed April 20,1893. Renewed December 27, 1893.Seria1No.494,828. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that WB,-WILLIAM BIDDLE and PATRICK KENNEDY, citizens of theUnited States, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State ofNew York, have invented an Improvement in Electric Lighting forRailway-Cars, of which the following is a specification.

Before our invention a dynamo had been driven by the rotation of the carwheels and the electric energy passed through a secondary or storagebattery from which the current was taken to the incandescent lamps.

Our present improvements relate to the manner of supporting andactuating the dynamo and to automatic devices for changing the circuitconnections when the direction of rotation of the dynamo is varied bythe change of direction of the car and also for preventing the storagebattery from discharging through the dynamo when the rotation of thedynamo is slowed down or stops.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation of the dynamo and section ofthe car wheel axle. Fig; 2 is a plan view partially in section showingthe supporting devices for the dynamo. Fig. 3 is a diagram of thecircuits and ofthe automatic circuit changing devices. Fig. 4 is asection longitudinally of the axis and the parts therewith connected,and Fig. 5 is a section of the oil lifting ring around the sleeve.

Upon the axle A of the car a sleeve B is screwed by bolts 2 which passthrough the lugs near the respective ends of the sleeve, such sleevebeing made in halves so as to be applied upon the car axle, and thebolts clamp the half sleeves firmly to the axle and such sleeves arefitted to receive the respective parts at one end of the dynamo. Theframe of the dynamo consists of the poles C and D connected by the coreof the electro-magnet E, and extending across from one pole to the otherare frames F that support the armature shaft G, which armature shaft,armature and electro-magnet are of any desired character and the fieldmagnet is to contain two coils, one of which is in a shunt and the otherin series, as hereinafter described. The poles of the dynamo areconnected by the bolts 3 and 4 to a divided ring H which surrounds thesleeve B near one end thereof, and this divided ring H is recessed at 5for the reception of oil or other lubricating material for lubricatingthe surface of the sleeve B that revolves within the divided ring H, andin this recess 5 and connected with the sleeve it is advantageous toemploy an oiling ring 6, which, extending down into the oil holdingrecess, serves to lift up the oil and cause it to flow and distributeupon the surface of the sleeve and within the divided ring H to effect aperfect lubrication.

Upon the armature shaft G is a pinion I which gears with a wheel K uponthe sleeve B and adjacent to the divided ring H; and this wheel K isloose upon the sleeve, and adjacent to it there is a suitable couplingas at L for connecting and disconnecting the gear K and sleeve B. Thiscoupling L is preferably upon a feather projecting from the sleeve andprovided with a neck for the reception of the fork of the clutch lever Mby which the coupling L is slipped toward or from the gear wheel K; andwe find it advantageous to employ the wedges 7 connected with thecoupling ring L and acting upon the divided friction ring 8 to grasp orto liberate the gear wheel K and either actuate the dynamo or allow thesame to remain quiescent. The lever M maybe actuated in any suitablemanner, either from the car while in motion, or by hand when the trainis stationary.

It is advantageous to make the gear wheel K hollow to form an oilreceptacle 9 within which is an oiling ring 10 clamped upon the sleeveand adapted to rotate within the oil receptacle and raise thelubricating material and lubricate the surfaces of the sleeve and gearwheel that are in contact, so that the axle and sleeve may be revolvedfreely when the dynamo is at rest.

At the opposite end of the dynamo frame to the divided ring II Weprovide one or more projections 11 to which are connected the link orlinks N and which links pass through a bar or frame 0 upon the truckframe, the upper end of the link N being rounding, so that the truckframe, as it rises or falls by the action of the Weight of the car uponthe car springs, may raise or lower this end of the dynamo freely, thussuspending the dynamo at its outer end and allowing it to accommodateitself to the movement of the truck frame in relation to the axlewithout there being any undue strain or torsion upon the dynamo or anyportion thereof.

lVe prefer to make use of radial brushes P for the commutator Q, suchradial brushes being pressed toward the commutator by the springs 12;and it is to be understood that the respective parts are insulated inany well known manner.

lVe make use of a three-point switch R for changing the direction of thecurrent, and this switch is actuated by a rocking lever S interveningbetween the switch and the armature shaft G, and upon this armatureshaft G is acam or eccentric G, so that when the armature is revolvingin one direction, the rocking lever S will be moved to one side and thecircuits closed in one direction, or when the armature lever is rotatingin the opposite direction the rocking leverS will be moved into theother position to reverse the circuit connections so as to cause thecurrent to flow in the same direction through the external circuit, nomatter which way the car may be running.

Referring now to Fig. 3, it is to be understood that the externalcircuit contains the conductors 13 and 141 passing through the car andtheincandescentlamps 15 are in multiple arc, and the secondary orstorage battery T is also in multiple arc, and in consequence of thethree-point switch Rbeing automatically changed according to thedirection of rotation of the dynamo and of the car axle, the current setup in the dynamo passes through the external circuit and through thestorage battery in the same direction and when the dynamo is not inoperation the current from the storage battery is adapted to actuatingthe lamps, and when the dynamo is in operation the lamps will beactuated by the current therefrom and the current will also pass throughand energize the storage battery according to the respective resistancesand the saturation of the storage battery.

We make use of an electro-magnet or solenoid U, the armature of which isconnected with the switch Vthat is moved between the contacts 18 and 19according to the magnetism in the electro-magnet U, and the switch Vremains in contact with the plate from the binding post 20, and there isa rheostat or resistanoe W in the circuit between 18 and 19. From one ofthe commutator brushes P the circuit passes to the switch R and a branchfrom the same commutator brush passes through the shunt winding of thefield mag net and also through the helix of the magnet U, and thenceback to the other commutator brush; and there is a connection betweenthe binding post 20 and the switch R, and the series winding of thefield magnet is in the circuit from one of the commutator brushesthrough such field helices to the contact 18, and when the switch V isupon the contact 18 the circuit passes through such switch V to thebinding post 20 and thence to the switch R, thus placing one of thefield helices in series to the external circuit. If now the speed of thedynamo armature slows up or stops, the current through the elcctromagnetU is lessened or ceases, and the spring of the switch V draws the sameback, closing contact at 19 so as to throw the rheostat \V into theexternal circuit, and this rheostat is of sufficiently high resistanceto prevent the storage battery discharging through the dynamo, but assoon as the speed of the dynamo armature is sufficient to energize theelectromagnet U the switch V is again attracted and the resistance W cutout by the armature closing the circuit upon the contact 18, thereby theentire current is passed through the external circuit containing theseries wound helices of the field magnet.

By this improvement we are enabled to provide for lighting separate carswith incandescent electric lamps, and the circuit connections are sochanged automatically that the lamps will either be energized by thestorage battery or by the storage battery and dynamo jointly, and thereis but little loss of energy when the dynamo is out of action.

It is advantageous to surround the dynamo and the gearing with a casewhich will exclude dust and moisture from the respective parts. \Viththis object in view we prefer to make the case Y in two parts and ofsheet metal, the two parts of the case having edge bars 21, 22 fastenedupon the adjacent edges of the case and bolted together, there beingastrip of rubber 23 to make a tight joint, and where the shaft or axlepasses through the case we provide glands or stuffing boxes formed ofthe rings 2 1 permanently fastened to the case and the followers 25 withthe intermediate fibrous material closely surrounding the axleA to whichthe parts are connected, and where the linkN passes out through the caseit is preferable tointroduce a rubber washer 26 so as to exclude dustand moisture as far as possible.

We have represented a portion of the case in Fig. 1,and in Fig.4 thecase is represented with the glands around the axle, the axle sleeve andtheconnected partsbeingin section.

The case may rest upon the top of the pole piece or there may be lugs orwashers intervening between the case and the top pole piece, asindicated at 30.

We claim as our invention 1. The combination with the external circuitcontaining the electric lamps and secondary battery in multiple arc, ofa pole changing switch, a dynamo and a connection for driving the samefrom the car axle, and a revolving cam and lever for moving the polechanging switch according to the direction of rotation of the armatureshaft and car axle, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination with a car axle and a dynamo, of a divided sleevebolted upon the car axle, a divided ring around the sleeve and bolts forconnecting the same to the dynamo frame, and a link between the dynamoframe 7 and the truck frame for suspending the dynamo, substantially asset forth.

3. The combination with the car axle and truck frame, of a dynamo, adivided sleeve and bolts for securing the same to the car axle, a ringaround the sleeve and bolts for connecting the same to the dynamo, a suspending link from the dynamo to the car truck, a divided gear wheelaround the sleeve, and a pinion upon the armature shaft, and a couplingor clutch for connecting and disconnecting the gear Wheel and sleeve,substantially as set forth.

4. Thecombination with the car axle and truck frame, of a dynamo, adivided sleeve and bolts for securing the same to the car axle, a ringaround the sleeve and bolts for connecting the same to the dynamo, asuspending link from the dynamo to the car truck, a divided gear wheelaround the sleeve, apinion upon the armature shaft, a coupling or clutchfor connectingand disconnectingthe gear wheel and sleeve, there beingrecesses in the divided gear and in the ring of the armature frame forcontaining lubricating material, and rings around the sleeve and withinthe recesses for supplying the lubricating material to the surfaces ofthe sleeve, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination with the external circuit and incandescent lamps andstorage battery in multiple arc and within a railway car,

of a dynamo, a pole changing switch and an automatic means for movingthe same for maintaining uniformity in the direction of the current inthe external circuit, regardless of the direction of rotation of thearmature of the dynamo; a magnet and armature controlled by the magnetand acting as a swltch, a resistance thrown into the external circu1t bythe movement of the armature when the rotation of the dynamo armature islessened or stops, one helix of the armature field being in a shunt andthe other in series with the external circuit, substantially as setforth.

6. The combination, with the dynamo, of

the axle, a sleeve upon the axle, a supporting ring around the sleeveand connected with the dynamo, a gear surrounding the sleeve, a clutchfor connecting and disconnecting the sleeve and the gear, and a pinionupon the axle of the armature, a two-part case w1th edge bars forsupporting the meeting edges of the case, and an elastic interveningpacking, and packing glands around the axle and connected with the casefor excluding dust and moisture from the dynamo and gearing,substantially as set forth.

Signed by us this 17th day of April, 1893.

WVILLIAM BIDDLE. PATRICK KENNEDY.

Witnesses GEO. T. PINOKNEY, A. M. OLIVER.

